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            The tensor programming abstraction is a foundational paradigm which allows users to write high performance programs via a high-level imperative interface. Recent work onsparse tensor compilershas extended this paradigm to sparse tensors (i.e., tensors where most entries are not explicitly represented). With these systems, users define the semantics of the program and the algorithmic decisions in a concise language that can be compiled to efficient low-level code. However, these systems still require users to make complex decisions about program structure and memory layouts to write efficient programs. This work presents.Galley, a system for declarative tensor programming that allows users to write efficient tensor programs without making complex algorithmic decisions. Galley is the first system to perform cost based lowering of sparse tensor algebra to the imperative language of sparse tensor compilers, and the first to optimize arbitrary operators beyond Σ and *. First, it decomposes the input program into a sequence of aggregation steps through a novel extension of the FAQ framework. Second, Galley optimizes and converts each aggregation step to a concrete program, which is compiled and executed with a sparse tensor compiler. We show that Galley produces programs that are 1-300x faster than competing methods for machine learning over joins and 5-20x faster than a state-of-the-art relational database for subgraph counting workloads with a minimal optimization overhead.more » « lessFree, publicly-accessible full text available June 17, 2026
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            Free, publicly-accessible full text available March 1, 2026
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            From FORTRAN to NumPy, tensors have revolutionized how we express computation. However, tensors in these, and almost all prominent systems, can only handle dense rectilinear integer grids. Real world tensors often contain underlying structure, such as sparsity, runs of repeated values, or symmetry. Support for structured data is fragmented and incomplete. Existing frameworks limit the tensor structures and program control flow they support to better simplify the problem. In this work, we propose a new programming language, Finch, which supports both flexible control flow and diverse data structures. Finch facilitates a programming model which resolves the challenges of computing over structured tensors by combining control flow and data structures into a common representation where they can be co-optimized. Finch automatically specializes control flow to data so that performance engineers can focus on experimenting with many algorithms. Finch supports a familiar programming language of loops, statements, ifs, breaks, etc., over a wide variety of tensor structures, such as sparsity, run-length-encoding, symmetry, triangles, padding, or blocks. Finch reliably utilizes the key properties of structure, such as structural zeros, repeated values, or clustered non-zeros. We show that this leads to dramatic speedups in operations such as SpMV and SpGEMM, image processing, and graph analytics.more » « lessFree, publicly-accessible full text available April 9, 2026
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